Personalised diagnostic and precision medicine for cancer patients involves tailoring each patient’s treatment based on the genomic profile of their tumours, in particular the individual’s drug-related genes (Guan et al., 2012).
NGS provides an accurate and cost-effective mean to evaluate the presence of specific mutations in the cancer tissue, enabling the individual to be selected for the targeted therapy. The list of therapies for breast and colorectal cancer with a specific genotype are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. Possible therapy options for patients with specific biomarkers.
Biomarker | Possible Therapy |
ERBB2 (HER2) gene amplification | Trastuzumab (Herceptin) Ado-trastuzumab-emtansine (Kadcyla) Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu) Dertuzumab (Perjeta) Margetuximab (Margenza) (Rugo et al., 2021) (not approved by NICE) |
Hormone positive, ERBB2 (HER2) negative | Palbociclib (Ibrance) Ribociclib (Kisqali) Abemaciclib (Verzenio) Everolimus (Afinitor) |
Triple-negative breast cancers | Talazoparib (Talzenna) |
PIK3CA positive gene mutation, ERBB2 (HER2) negative | Alpelisib (Piqray) (FDA approved, NICE not approved) |
NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 fusion-positive | Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) Larotrectinib (Vitrakvi) |
BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations | Olaparib (Lynparza) Talazoparib (Talzenna) |
Table 2. Possible therapy options for patients with specific biomarkers.
Biomarker | Possible Therapy |
EGFR gene mutation with normal (wild-type) KRAS gene | Cetuximab (Erbitux) |
EGFR gene mutation with normal (wild-type) KRAS and NRAS genes | Panitumumab (Vectibix) |
BRAF V600E mutation | Encorafenib (Braftovi) + Cetuximab (Erbitux) |
NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 fusion-positive | Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) Larotrectinib (Vitrakvi) |
Combined with the latest research, our egSEQ library preparation and targeted sequencing solutions are utilised for cancer screening and genomic profiling to provide individual patients with an opportunity for optimal treatment depending on the aspect of their cancer type.
Related Links:
Citations:
Guan, Y. F., Li, G. R., Wang, R. J., Yi, Y. T., Yang, L., Jiang, D., ... & Peng, Y. (2012). Application of next-generation sequencing in clinical oncology to advance personalized treatment of cancer. Chinese journal of cancer, 31(10), 463.
Rugo, H. S., Im, S. A., Cardoso, F., Cortés, J., Curigliano, G., Musolino, A., ... & SOPHIA Study Group. (2021). Efficacy of margetuximab vs trastuzumab in patients with pretreated ERBB2-positive advanced breast cancer: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA oncology, 7(4), 573-584.
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